The City of Bristol's Garden Vineyards: Grape-Treading Grapes in Urban Gardens
Every quarter of an hour or so, an ageing diesel train arrives at a graffiti-covered station. Close by, a police siren cuts through the near-constant road noise. Daily travelers rush by falling apart, ivy-covered fencing panels as rain clouds gather.
This is maybe the least likely spot you anticipate to find a well-established vineyard. But one local grower has cultivated 40 mature vines heavy with plump purplish grapes on a rambling garden plot situated between a row of 1930s houses and a local rail line just north of Bristol town centre.
"I've seen people hiding heroin or other items in the shrubbery," states the grower. "Yet you simply continue ... and continue caring for your vines."
The cameraman, 46, a documentary cameraman who runs a kombucha drinks business, is among several urban winemaker. He has pulled together a loose collective of cultivators who make vintage from several hidden city grape gardens nestled in private yards and allotments across Bristol. The project is too clandestine to have an official name yet, but the collective's WhatsApp group is called Grape Expectations.
City Vineyards Across the World
So far, Bayliss-Smith's allotment is the only one registered in the Urban Vineyards Association's upcoming world atlas, which features better-known city vineyards such as the eighteen hundred vines on the hillsides of the French capital's historic artistic district neighbourhood and more than 3,000 vines overlooking and within Turin. The Italian-based non-profit association is at the vanguard of a movement re-establishing city vineyards in historic wine-producing nations, but has identified them throughout the globe, including cities in East Asia, South Asia and Uzbekistan.
"Grape gardens assist urban areas remain more eco-friendly and more diverse. They preserve open space from construction by establishing permanent, productive farming plots inside cities," explains the organization's leader.
Like all wines, those produced in urban areas are a product of the earth the plants thrive in, the vagaries of the weather and the individuals who tend the fruit. "Each vintage represents the charm, community, environment and heritage of a urban center," notes the spokesperson.
Unknown Eastern European Grapes
Back in Bristol, Bayliss-Smith is in a urgent timeline to harvest the vines he cultivated from a cutting left in his garden by a Polish family. If the rain arrives, then the pigeons may seize their chance to attack again. "This is the mystery Polish variety," he says, as he cleans bruised and mouldy berries from the shimmering clusters. "The variety remains uncertain what variety they are, but they are certainly hardy. Unlike noble varieties – Burgundy grapes, white wine grapes and additional renowned French grapes – you need not spray them with pesticides ... this is possibly a unique cultivar that was developed by the Soviets."
Group Efforts Throughout the City
The other members of the collective are also making the most of sunny interludes between bursts of fall precipitation. On the terrace with views of the city's shimmering harbour, where medieval merchant vessels once floated with barrels of vintage from Europe and Spain, one cultivator is harvesting her rondo grapes from about 50 plants. "I love the aroma of the grapevines. It is so reminiscent," she says, pausing with a container of fruit slung over her shoulder. "It's the scent of southern France when you roll down the car windows on holiday."
The humanitarian worker, fifty-two, who has devoted more than 20 years working for charitable groups in conflict zones, unexpectedly inherited the grape garden when she moved back to the United Kingdom from Kenya with her household in 2018. She felt an strong responsibility to maintain the vines in the yard of their recently acquired property. "This vineyard has previously survived three different owners," she explains. "I really like the idea of natural stewardship – of passing this on to future caretakers so they continue producing from this land."
Sloping Gardens and Natural Production
Nearby, the final two members of the group are hard at work on the precipitous slopes of the local river valley. Jo Scofield has established over 150 vines situated on ledges in her wild half-acre garden, which descends towards the silty River Avon. "People are always surprised," she notes, indicating the tangled vineyard. "They can't believe they are viewing grapevine lines in a urban neighborhood."
Today, the filmmaker, sixty, is picking bunches of dusty purple dark berries from lines of plants arranged along the cliff-side with the help of her daughter, Luca. Scofield, a wildlife and conservation film-maker who has worked on streaming service's Great National Parks series and BBC Two's Gardeners' World, was inspired to cultivate vines after observing her neighbor's vines. She has learned that hobbyists can make intriguing, enjoyable traditional vintage, which can sell for more than £7 a glass in the growing number of establishments specialising in low-processing vintages. "It's just deeply rewarding that you can truly make good, natural wine," she states. "It is quite on trend, but in reality it's resurrecting an traditional method of producing vintage."
"When I tread the grapes, the various natural microorganisms are released from the skins into the liquid," says the winemaker, partially submerged in a bucket of small branches, pips and crimson juice. "That's how wines were made traditionally, but industrial wineries introduce preservatives to eliminate the wild yeast and then add a commercially produced yeast."
Challenging Conditions and Creative Approaches
A few doors down active senior Bob Reeve, who motivated Scofield to plant her vines, has gathered his companions to harvest Chardonnay grapes from one hundred plants he has arranged precisely across two terraces. Reeve, a northern English PE teacher who taught at the local university developed a passion for wine on annual sporting trips to Europe. But it is a difficult task to cultivate this particular variety in the humidity of the gorge, with temperature fluctuations sweeping in and out from the Bristol Channel. "I wanted to make Burgundian wines in this location, which is a bit bonkers," admits Reeve with a smile. "Chardonnay is slow-maturing and very sensitive to mildew."
"I wanted to make Burgundian wines in this environment, which is a bit bonkers"
The temperamental Bristol climate is not the sole problem encountered by winegrowers. The gardener has had to install a fence on